Legal database
454 results found
Query: Please provide a summary of the framework for finance under the Kunming–Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework under the Convention of Biological Diversity and consider it in the context of the New Collective Quantified Goal on climate finance. Background: The report by the co-chairs of the ad hoc work programme on the new collective quantified goal […]
Gender responsive language in the GST (08/12/2023)
Query: Preliminary points This query was received prior to the publication of the first draft of the GST1 text by the Co-Chairs. While we have referred to parties’ written submissions to the GST prior to the commencement of SBSTA 59/ SBI 59 we have focussed mostly on the parties’ oral interventions in response to the […]
Finance for Loss and Damage within the NCQG: analysis of the contributors base (12/09/2024)
Query:
Language that singles out LDCs in the Convention/COP (08/06/2024)
Query: Please review the Convention and COP decisions to identify any language used which singles out (financial) support to LDCs and SIDS for reporting. Advice: Below are a few examples of provisions in the Convention and COP decisions that could be used to support the argument that language on support to LDCs for reporting was […]
SB 60 summary (07/09/2024)
This summary provides an overview of the main negotiations and outcomes of the 60th session of the UNFCCC subsidiaries bodies meetings (SBs), which took place from the 3rd to the 13th of June 2024 in Bonn, Germany.
Note on the Oceans and the Expert Dialogue on the Ocean and Climate Change (29/08/2024)
This note provides a characterization of the inclusion of the ocean in the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) process. Despite the relevance of the oceans in climate change mitigation, adaptation and loss and damage, its recognition in the process has been challenging. Here we outline the evolution of this topic in the […]
Functions of the forum on the impact of implementation of response measures (15/07/2024)
Query: Can you outline the purpose and functions of the Forum and compare/contrast these with those of the Katowice Committee of Experts on the Impacts of the Implementation of Response Measures (KCI)? What are their respective current outputs/outcomes? Have the outputs/outcomes of the forum changed since the establishment of the KCI? Advice: 1. Context The […]
Fiscal measures in climate negotiations and potential entry points for discussions (30/11/2023)
Query: Are fiscal measures debated/negotiated under the finance track of the climate negotiations? If so, could you summarise this? If not, could you suggest potential entry points? Advice: Fiscal measures as potential sources of climate finance are debated within the climate finance framework (broadly intended), but they seem to be hardly negotiated as specific items […]
Query: Could the Paris Agreement Implementation and Compliance Committee address lack of funding/capacity-building for reporting obligations as an implementation and compliance issue affecting SIDS and LDCs? Advice: I. About the Paris Agreement Implementation and Compliance Committee The Paris Agreement (PA) established in its Article 15 a mechanism (in the form of a committee) to […]
Adaptation Committee Governance (02/07/2024)
Query: Could you clarify the governance of the AC and its relationship to CMA and COP? Advice: The AC was formulated by the COP pursuant to the Cancun Adaptation Framework (Decision 1/CP.16) and is officially governed under the COP (Decision 2/CP.17). However, since the Paris Agreement, the AC serves both the Convention and the Paris Agreement, […]
The Expert Dialogue on Mountains and Climate Change (28/08/2024)
Query: Please provide a characterization of the expert dialogue on mountains and climate change that took place at SB 60 and identify further entry points for these issues in other negotiation streams. Summary: The Expert Dialogue on mountains and climate change which took place during SB 60 in Bonn, seems to be a one-off event. […]
COP and CMA mandates and references to the UNFCCC (13/06/2024)
Background: The query arises in the context of proposals from certain developed countries to add items for discussion to the CMA agenda, which are currently already discussed under the COP agenda, namely issues concerning gender, action for climate empowerment and capacity building. This advice primarily explores the scope and mandate of the CMA and the […]
Summary of research and systematic observation negotiation stream (07/06/2024)
Placement of loss and damage finance in COP and CMA agendas (06/11/2022)
Query: How important is it that the issue finance for loss and damage has been placed on the current provisional agendas (item 8f) of both the COP27 and CMA4?
Legal basis of the New Collective Quantified Goal and its link to Article 9 of the Paris Agreement (07/06/2024)
Query: What is the legal basis for the new collective quantified goal (it is not mentioned in the Convention or Paris Agreement, but in COP and CMA decisions)? What is the link, if any, between NCQG and Article 9 of the Paris Agreement?
Including a sub-goal on loss and damage within the New Collective Quantified Goal (07/06/2024)
Query: What are some of the considerations relevant for the inclusion of a sub-goal on loss and damage within the NCQG?
2021 adaptation finance decisions (01/09/2022)
Query: 1. Does the request by the COP (in Decision 4/CP.26 para.9) to some developed country Parties to significantly increase their provision of adaptation finance, including by, as appropriate, considering doubling adaptation finance with the aim of achieving a balance between mitigation and adaptation, differ, in substance, from that by the CMA (in Decision decision […]
Possible outcomes from a COP (30/05/2024)
Query: What types of outcomes can emerge from a COP and what legal value do they hold? Advice: 1. Legal bindingness in international law The creation of binding international obligations typically occurs through treaties, the result of extensive negotiations among nations. These treaties contain meticulously negotiated provisions, often developed over years of discussion and consensus-building. […]
Value of cover decisions (05/12/2023)
Query: 1. What precedents, trends or examples have been set by past COP, CMA, etc., decisions that can support having more general and potentially wide-ranging cover decisions from 1/CP.28 and 1/CMA.5? 2. Following from the response to Question 1, can it be said that cover decisions serve a unique, useful, and/or indispensable role in terms […]
New Collective Quantified Goal on Climate Finance (29/05/2024)
Our new explainer on the New Collective Quantified Goal on Finance (NCQG) offers an overview of the current discussions on this topic, including its core elements: the quantum and quality of finance, the structure of the NCQG, the sources of finance, and its contributor base, the timeframe for the NCQG, and the transparency arrangements.